diff --git a/plugins/highway_3d/screen.js b/plugins/highway_3d/screen.js
index a9fe835..b4ee0f3 100644
--- a/plugins/highway_3d/screen.js
+++ b/plugins/highway_3d/screen.js
@@ -2418,6 +2418,13 @@
     let _venueSceneAssetsLoaded = false;
     let _venueSceneLoadFailed = false;
     const _venueTextureCache = new Map();
+    // Crowd video layers (career mode). venue-crowd.js owns the <video>
+    // elements and the crossfade timing; the renderer only maps them onto
+    // two planes in front of the static plate. _venueCrowdRev bumps on any
+    // element (re)assignment so update() knows to rebind textures.
+    const _venueCrowdVideos = [null, null];
+    let _venueCrowdMix = 0;
+    let _venueCrowdRev = 0;
 
     function _bgVenueMoodCoeffs(state) {
         const s = String(state || 'idle').toLowerCase();
@@ -2909,6 +2916,20 @@
     window.h3dVenueSceneSetMood = (state) => {
         _venueMoodState = String(state || 'idle').toLowerCase();
     };
+    // Crowd video layers (career mode) — see venue-crowd.js. Layer 0/1 are
+    // two coplanar backdrop planes; mix selects between them (0 → layer 0,
+    // 1 → layer 1) so the caller can crossfade loop videos.
+    window.h3dVenueBackdropSetVideo = (layer, videoEl) => {
+        const i = layer ? 1 : 0;
+        const el = videoEl || null;
+        if (_venueCrowdVideos[i] === el) return;
+        _venueCrowdVideos[i] = el;
+        _venueCrowdRev++;
+    };
+    window.h3dVenueBackdropSetMix = (mix) => {
+        const v = Number(mix);
+        _venueCrowdMix = Number.isFinite(v) ? Math.max(0, Math.min(1, v)) : 0;
+    };
     window.h3dVenueSceneSetInstrumentPov = (input) => {
         const next = _venueResolvePovFromInput(input);
         if (_venueInstrumentPov === next) return;
@@ -3371,6 +3392,40 @@
                     () => _venueMarkFailed('failed to load small-club bg plate'),
                 );
 
+                // Crowd video planes (career mode): two crossfading layers
+                // just in front of the static plate (which stays mounted as
+                // the no-pack / load-failure fallback). Textures bind lazily
+                // in update() when venue-crowd.js assigns video elements.
+                state.crowd = { layers: [], rev: -1 };
+                for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+                    const geo = new T.PlaneGeometry(1, 1);
+                    const mat = new T.MeshBasicMaterial({
+                        color: 0xffffff, transparent: true, opacity: 0,
+                        depthWrite: false, fog: false,
+                    });
+                    const mesh = new T.Mesh(geo, mat);
+                    mesh.visible = false;
+                    // Layer 1 sits nearest so three.js's back-to-front
+                    // transparent sort draws it after layer 0.
+                    const layer = {
+                        mesh, geo, mat, tex: null, videoEl: null,
+                        cam: settings.cam,
+                        distance: BG_BACKDROP_DISTANCE * (i === 0 ? 1.04 : 1.03),
+                        lastAspect: 0, lastVisibleHeight: 0,
+                    };
+                    layer.applyCoverCrop = function () {
+                        if (!layer.videoEl || !layer.tex) return;
+                        _bgCoverCrop(
+                            layer.tex,
+                            layer.videoEl.videoWidth || 0,
+                            layer.videoEl.videoHeight || 0,
+                            layer.cam.aspect,
+                        );
+                    };
+                    scene.add(mesh);
+                    state.crowd.layers.push(layer);
+                }
+
                 const hazeGeo = new T.PlaneGeometry(280 * K, 40 * K);
                 const hazeMat = new T.MeshBasicMaterial({
                     color: 0x101820, transparent: true, opacity: coeffs.haze,
@@ -3402,6 +3457,47 @@
                     s.haze.mat.opacity = (s.haze.baseOp || VENUE_HAZE_STEADY)
                         * (coeffs.haze / VENUE_HAZE_STEADY);
                 }
+                if (s.crowd) {
+                    // Rebind VideoTextures when venue-crowd.js (re)assigns
+                    // elements. VideoTexture samples the element every frame,
+                    // so a src change on the same element needs no rebind.
+                    if (s.crowd.rev !== _venueCrowdRev) {
+                        s.crowd.rev = _venueCrowdRev;
+                        s.crowd.layers.forEach((layer, i) => {
+                            const el = _venueCrowdVideos[i];
+                            if (layer.videoEl === el) return;
+                            if (layer.tex) { layer.mat.map = null; layer.tex.dispose(); layer.tex = null; }
+                            layer.videoEl = el;
+                            layer.lastAspect = 0; // force refit + recrop
+                            if (el) {
+                                const tex = new T.VideoTexture(el);
+                                tex.colorSpace = T.SRGBColorSpace;
+                                tex.wrapS = T.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
+                                tex.wrapT = T.ClampToEdgeWrapping;
+                                tex.minFilter = T.LinearFilter;
+                                tex.magFilter = T.LinearFilter;
+                                tex.generateMipmaps = false;
+                                layer.tex = tex;
+                                layer.mat.map = tex;
+                            }
+                            layer.mat.needsUpdate = true;
+                        });
+                    }
+                    const warm = coeffs.warmth;
+                    s.crowd.layers.forEach((layer, i) => {
+                        const el = layer.videoEl;
+                        // videoWidth === 0 until metadata lands — showing the
+                        // plane before that paints a black flash over the plate.
+                        const ready = !!el && el.videoWidth > 0;
+                        const opacity = i === 0 ? 1 - _venueCrowdMix : _venueCrowdMix;
+                        layer.mat.opacity = opacity;
+                        layer.mesh.visible = ready && opacity > 0.01;
+                        if (layer.mesh.visible) {
+                            layer.mat.color.setRGB(warm, warm * 0.98, warm * 0.95);
+                            _bgFitBackdropPlane(layer);
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
             },
             teardown(s) {
                 if (!s) return;
@@ -3416,6 +3512,19 @@
                         p.mat.dispose?.();
                     }
                 }
+                // Crowd planes: this style owns the VideoTextures; the
+                // <video> elements belong to venue-crowd.js and survive.
+                if (s.crowd) {
+                    for (const layer of s.crowd.layers) {
+                        layer.mesh?.parent?.remove(layer.mesh);
+                        layer.geo?.dispose?.();
+                        if (layer.mat) {
+                            layer.mat.map = null;
+                            layer.mat.dispose?.();
+                        }
+                        layer.tex?.dispose?.();
+                    }
+                }
                 // Dispose the cached plate textures too — the module-level cache
                 // otherwise keeps every loaded POV plate GPU-resident for the
                 // page lifetime (steady VRAM growth across POV/arrangement swaps).
diff --git a/static/v3/index.html b/static/v3/index.html
index 6ad6e65..761e2f4 100644
--- a/static/v3/index.html
+++ b/static/v3/index.html
@@ -1275,6 +1275,7 @@
          saved 'off'/'full' motion preference on first paint. -->
     <script defer src="/static/v3/venue-mood-fx.js"></script>
     <script defer src="/static/v3/venue-scene-3d.js"></script>
+    <script defer src="/static/v3/venue-crowd.js"></script>
     <script defer src="/static/v3/playlists.js"></script>
     <script defer src="/static/v3/audio-routing.js"></script>
     <script defer src="/static/v3/live-guitar-tone-source.js"></script>
diff --git a/static/v3/venue-crowd.js b/static/v3/venue-crowd.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e021e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/v3/venue-crowd.js
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+/*
+ * fee[dB]ack — Venue crowd video layer (career mode PR1).
+ *
+ * Crossfades pre-rendered crowd-state loop videos behind the highway based on
+ * v3:live-performance-state, plus one-shot reaction stingers. Renders through
+ * two video backdrop planes owned by the highway_3d venue background style
+ * (window.h3dVenueBackdropSetVideo / window.h3dVenueBackdropSetMix).
+ *
+ * Inert unless a venue pack manifest is set — by the career plugin via
+ * v3VenueCrowd.setManifest(), or (dev only) a JSON manifest in localStorage
+ * under feedBack-venue-crowd-dev. With no manifest the static bg plate
+ * behaves exactly as before.
+ */
+(function (root) {
+    'use strict';
+
+    // live-performance-hud state → crowd state.
+    const CROWD_OF_PERF = {
+        smoke: 'bored',
+        recovery: 'bored',
+        idle: 'neutral',
+        steady: 'neutral',
+        strong: 'engaged',
+        fire: 'ecstatic',
+    };
+    const CROWD_STATES = ['bored', 'neutral', 'engaged', 'ecstatic'];
+    const CROWD_RANK = { bored: 0, neutral: 1, engaged: 2, ecstatic: 3 };
+
+    const STABLE_MS = 3000;        // target must hold this long before a switch
+    const DWELL_MS = 8000;         // min time between committed switches
+    const FADE_MS = 1200;          // loop crossfade
+    const STINGER_FADE_MS = 400;   // stinger fade-in/out
+    const STINGER_MIN_GAP_MS = 20000;
+    const STREAK_MILESTONES = [25, 50, 100];
+    const CANPLAY_TIMEOUT_MS = 4000;
+    const DEV_FLAG_KEY = 'feedBack-venue-crowd-dev';
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Pure, clock-injected decision logic (unit-tested in
+    // tests/js/venue_crowd.test.js — keep DOM-free).
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    function crowdStateOfPerf(perfState) {
+        return CROWD_OF_PERF[String(perfState || '').toLowerCase()] || 'neutral';
+    }
+
+    // Hysteresis: a new target must be observed continuously for STABLE_MS,
+    // and at least DWELL_MS must have passed since the last committed switch.
+    function createCrowdMachine() {
+        let current = 'neutral';
+        let candidate = null;
+        let candidateSince = 0;
+        let lastSwitchAt = -Infinity;
+        return {
+            get current() { return current; },
+            // Feed the latest perf state; returns the new crowd state when a
+            // transition commits, else null.
+            update(perfState, nowMs) {
+                const target = crowdStateOfPerf(perfState);
+                if (target === current) {
+                    candidate = null;
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (target !== candidate) {
+                    candidate = target;
+                    candidateSince = nowMs;
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (nowMs - candidateSince < STABLE_MS) return null;
+                if (nowMs - lastSwitchAt < DWELL_MS) return null;
+                current = target;
+                candidate = null;
+                lastSwitchAt = nowMs;
+                return current;
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
+    // Cheer when the streak crosses a milestone (rising edge only).
+    function stingerForStreak(prevStreak, streak) {
+        for (const m of STREAK_MILESTONES) {
+            if (prevStreak < m && streak >= m) return 'cheer';
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // End-of-song reaction from final accuracy.
+    function stingerForAccuracy(accuracyPct) {
+        const a = Number(accuracyPct);
+        if (!Number.isFinite(a)) return null;
+        if (a >= 90) return 'cheer';
+        if (a >= 75) return 'clap';
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Video layer controller (browser only).
+    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    const machine = createCrowdMachine();
+    let _manifest = null;       // { loops: {state: url}, stingers: {name: url} }
+    let _venueActive = false;
+    let _videos = [null, null];
+    let _activeLayer = 0;       // layer currently showing the loop
+    let _mix = 0;               // 0 → layer0 visible, 1 → layer1 visible
+    let _fadeRaf = 0;
+    let _loadToken = 0;         // invalidates in-flight canplaythrough waits
+    let _stingerUntilEnded = false;
+    let _lastStingerAt = -Infinity;
+    let _prevStreak = 0;
+    let _bound = false;
+
+    function now() { return Date.now(); }
+
+    function h3d(name) {
+        return root && typeof root[name] === 'function' ? root[name] : null;
+    }
+
+    function normalizeManifest(m) {
+        if (!m || typeof m !== 'object' || !m.loops) return null;
+        const base = typeof m.base === 'string' ? m.base : '';
+        const abs = (u) => (typeof u === 'string' && u ? base + u : '');
+        const loops = {};
+        for (const s of CROWD_STATES) loops[s] = abs(m.loops[s]);
+        if (!CROWD_STATES.every((s) => loops[s])) return null;
+        const stingers = {};
+        for (const k of ['clap', 'cheer']) stingers[k] = abs(m.stingers && m.stingers[k]);
+        return { loops, stingers };
+    }
+
+    function ensureVideos() {
+        if (_videos[0] || typeof document === 'undefined') return;
+        for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            const v = document.createElement('video');
+            // Same autoplay-safe recipe as the highway_3d video bg style:
+            // muted + playsInline bypasses gesture requirements; same-origin
+            // URLs so VideoTexture never taints.
+            v.muted = true;
+            v.playsInline = true;
+            v.preload = 'auto';
+            v.loop = true;
+            v.style.display = 'none';
+            document.body.appendChild(v);
+            _videos[i] = v;
+            const setVideo = h3d('h3dVenueBackdropSetVideo');
+            if (setVideo) setVideo(i, v);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function setMix(v) {
+        _mix = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, v));
+        const fn = h3d('h3dVenueBackdropSetMix');
+        if (fn) fn(_mix);
+    }
+
+    function cancelFade() {
+        if (_fadeRaf && typeof cancelAnimationFrame === 'function') {
+            cancelAnimationFrame(_fadeRaf);
+        }
+        _fadeRaf = 0;
+    }
+
+    function fadeMixTo(target, durationMs, done) {
+        cancelFade();
+        if (typeof requestAnimationFrame !== 'function') {
+            setMix(target);
+            if (done) done();
+            return;
+        }
+        const from = _mix;
+        const t0 = now();
+        const step = () => {
+            const k = Math.min(1, (now() - t0) / durationMs);
+            setMix(from + (target - from) * k);
+            if (k < 1) {
+                _fadeRaf = requestAnimationFrame(step);
+            } else {
+                _fadeRaf = 0;
+                if (done) done();
+            }
+        };
+        _fadeRaf = requestAnimationFrame(step);
+    }
+
+    // Load url into the video, resolve when it can play through (or after a
+    // timeout — a stalled fetch must not wedge the crowd forever).
+    function loadAndPlay(video, url, loop, cb) {
+        const token = ++_loadToken;
+        let settled = false;
+        const settle = (ok) => {
+            if (settled || token !== _loadToken) return;
+            settled = true;
+            video.removeEventListener('canplaythrough', onReady);
+            video.removeEventListener('error', onError);
+            cb(ok);
+        };
+        const onReady = () => settle(true);
+        const onError = () => settle(false);
+        video.addEventListener('canplaythrough', onReady);
+        video.addEventListener('error', onError);
+        video.loop = loop;
+        video.src = url;
+        video.play().catch(() => { /* browser retries on visibility/gesture */ });
+        setTimeout(() => settle(video.readyState >= 3), CANPLAY_TIMEOUT_MS);
+    }
+
+    function idleLayer() { return _activeLayer === 0 ? 1 : 0; }
+
+    // Crossfade the loop for `state` in on the idle layer.
+    function showLoop(state, fadeMs) {
+        if (!_manifest || !_videos[0]) return;
+        const layer = idleLayer();
+        const video = _videos[layer];
+        loadAndPlay(video, _manifest.loops[state], true, (ok) => {
+            if (!ok || !_venueActive) return;
+            fadeMixTo(layer === 1 ? 1 : 0, fadeMs, () => {
+                const old = _videos[_activeLayer];
+                _activeLayer = layer;
+                if (old && !old.paused) old.pause();
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    function playStinger(name) {
+        if (!_manifest || !_manifest.stingers[name] || !_videos[0]) return;
+        if (_stingerUntilEnded) return;
+        const t = now();
+        if (t - _lastStingerAt < STINGER_MIN_GAP_MS) return;
+        _lastStingerAt = t;
+        _stingerUntilEnded = true;
+        const layer = idleLayer();
+        const video = _videos[layer];
+        const back = () => {
+            if (!_stingerUntilEnded) return;
+            _stingerUntilEnded = false;
+            video.removeEventListener('ended', back);
+            // Fade back to the loop layer (which kept playing underneath).
+            fadeMixTo(_activeLayer === 1 ? 1 : 0, STINGER_FADE_MS);
+        };
+        loadAndPlay(video, _manifest.stingers[name], false, (ok) => {
+            if (!ok || !_venueActive) { _stingerUntilEnded = false; return; }
+            video.addEventListener('ended', back);
+            fadeMixTo(layer === 1 ? 1 : 0, STINGER_FADE_MS);
+            // Safety: an `ended` that never fires (decode stall) must not
+            // freeze the crowd on a stinger frame.
+            setTimeout(back, 15000);
+        });
+    }
+
+    function onPerformanceState(e) {
+        if (!_venueActive || !_manifest) return;
+        const d = (e && e.detail) || {};
+        const streak = Number(d.streak) || 0;
+        const sting = stingerForStreak(_prevStreak, streak);
+        _prevStreak = streak;
+        if (sting && CROWD_RANK[machine.current] >= CROWD_RANK.neutral) {
+            playStinger(sting);
+        }
+        const next = machine.update(d.state, now());
+        // A stinger owns the idle layer; the hysteresis re-fires soon after.
+        if (next && !_stingerUntilEnded) showLoop(next, FADE_MS);
+    }
+
+    function onStatsRecorded(e) {
+        if (!_venueActive || !_manifest) return;
+        const d = (e && e.detail) || {};
+        const sting = stingerForAccuracy(d.accuracy != null ? d.accuracy : d.accuracyPct);
+        if (sting) {
+            _lastStingerAt = -Infinity; // end-of-song reaction always allowed
+            playStinger(sting);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function start() {
+        ensureVideos();
+        if (!_videos[0]) return;
+        _prevStreak = 0;
+        // Boot straight into the current machine state on the active layer.
+        const video = _videos[_activeLayer];
+        loadAndPlay(video, _manifest.loops[machine.current], true, (ok) => {
+            if (!ok || !_venueActive) return;
+            setMix(_activeLayer === 1 ? 1 : 0);
+        });
+    }
+
+    function stop() {
+        cancelFade();
+        _loadToken++;
+        _stingerUntilEnded = false;
+        for (const v of _videos) {
+            if (v && !v.paused) v.pause();
+        }
+    }
+
+    function setVenueActive(on) {
+        const next = !!on;
+        if (next === _venueActive) return;
+        _venueActive = next;
+        if (_venueActive && _manifest) start();
+        else stop();
+    }
+
+    function setManifest(m) {
+        const norm = normalizeManifest(m);
+        _manifest = norm;
+        if (_venueActive) {
+            if (norm) start();
+            else stop();
+        }
+    }
+
+    function readDevManifest() {
+        try {
+            const raw = localStorage.getItem(DEV_FLAG_KEY);
+            if (!raw) return null;
+            return JSON.parse(raw);
+        } catch (_) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    function bindRuntime() {
+        if (_bound) return;
+        _bound = true;
+        const sm = root && root.feedBack;
+        if (sm && typeof sm.on === 'function') {
+            sm.on('v3:live-performance-state', onPerformanceState);
+            sm.on('stats:recorded', onStatsRecorded);
+        }
+        const dev = readDevManifest();
+        if (dev && !_manifest) setManifest(dev);
+    }
+
+    function getState() {
+        return {
+            venueActive: _venueActive,
+            hasManifest: !!_manifest,
+            crowdState: machine.current,
+            activeLayer: _activeLayer,
+            mix: _mix,
+            stingerActive: _stingerUntilEnded,
+        };
+    }
+
+    const api = {
+        CROWD_STATES,
+        STABLE_MS,
+        DWELL_MS,
+        crowdStateOfPerf,
+        createCrowdMachine,
+        stingerForStreak,
+        stingerForAccuracy,
+        normalizeManifest,
+        setManifest,
+        setVenueActive,
+        bindRuntime,
+        getState,
+    };
+
+    if (root) root.v3VenueCrowd = api;
+    if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) module.exports = api;
+
+    if (typeof document !== 'undefined') {
+        // Same defer/DOMContentLoaded dance as venue-scene-3d.js.
+        if (document.readyState !== 'complete') {
+            document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', bindRuntime);
+        } else {
+            bindRuntime();
+        }
+    }
+}(typeof window !== 'undefined' ? window : (typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : null)));
diff --git a/static/v3/venue-scene-3d.js b/static/v3/venue-scene-3d.js
index 17e493d..084096a 100644
--- a/static/v3/venue-scene-3d.js
+++ b/static/v3/venue-scene-3d.js
@@ -105,6 +105,17 @@
         setH3dMood(_lastMood);
         syncInstrumentPov();
         syncVenueMotion();
+        syncCrowd(true);
+    }
+
+    function syncCrowd(on) {
+        // Reactive crowd video layer (career mode) — inert without a pack.
+        try {
+            if (root && root.v3VenueCrowd &&
+                typeof root.v3VenueCrowd.setVenueActive === 'function') {
+                root.v3VenueCrowd.setVenueActive(!!on);
+            }
+        } catch (_) { /* visual-only */ }
     }
 
     function syncVenueMotion() {
@@ -128,6 +139,7 @@
         _assetsLoaded = false;
         _loadFailed = false;
         setH3dActive(false);
+        syncCrowd(false);
         syncPlaceholderVisibility();
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/js/venue_crowd.test.js b/tests/js/venue_crowd.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..301ae37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/js/venue_crowd.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const { test } = require('node:test');
+const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
+const fs = require('node:fs');
+const path = require('node:path');
+
+const crowd = require('../../static/v3/venue-crowd.js');
+
+const H3D_JS = path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'plugins', 'highway_3d', 'screen.js');
+const INDEX_HTML = path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'static', 'v3', 'index.html');
+const SCENE_JS = path.join(__dirname, '..', '..', 'static', 'v3', 'venue-scene-3d.js');
+
+test('perf state → crowd state mapping', () => {
+    assert.equal(crowd.crowdStateOfPerf('smoke'), 'bored');
+    assert.equal(crowd.crowdStateOfPerf('recovery'), 'bored');
+    assert.equal(crowd.crowdStateOfPerf('idle'), 'neutral');
+    assert.equal(crowd.crowdStateOfPerf('steady'), 'neutral');
+    assert.equal(crowd.crowdStateOfPerf('strong'), 'engaged');
+    assert.equal(crowd.crowdStateOfPerf('fire'), 'ecstatic');
+    assert.equal(crowd.crowdStateOfPerf('FIRE'), 'ecstatic');
+    assert.equal(crowd.crowdStateOfPerf('bogus'), 'neutral');
+    assert.equal(crowd.crowdStateOfPerf(undefined), 'neutral');
+});
+
+test('machine: target must be stable for STABLE_MS before committing', () => {
+    const m = crowd.createCrowdMachine();
+    assert.equal(m.current, 'neutral');
+    assert.equal(m.update('fire', 0), null);
+    assert.equal(m.update('fire', crowd.STABLE_MS - 1), null);
+    assert.equal(m.update('fire', crowd.STABLE_MS), 'ecstatic');
+    assert.equal(m.current, 'ecstatic');
+});
+
+test('machine: flapping target restarts the stability window', () => {
+    const m = crowd.createCrowdMachine();
+    m.update('fire', 0);
+    // Target changes → candidate resets.
+    m.update('strong', 1000);
+    assert.equal(m.update('strong', 1000 + crowd.STABLE_MS - 1), null);
+    assert.equal(m.update('strong', 1000 + crowd.STABLE_MS), 'engaged');
+});
+
+test('machine: returning to current state clears the candidate', () => {
+    const m = crowd.createCrowdMachine();
+    m.update('fire', 0);
+    m.update('steady', 1000); // back to neutral (current) — candidate dropped
+    // 'fire' again must wait a full stability window from scratch.
+    assert.equal(m.update('fire', 2000), null);
+    assert.equal(m.update('fire', 2000 + crowd.STABLE_MS - 1), null);
+    assert.equal(m.update('fire', 2000 + crowd.STABLE_MS), 'ecstatic');
+});
+
+test('machine: DWELL_MS enforced between switches', () => {
+    const m = crowd.createCrowdMachine();
+    m.update('fire', 0);
+    assert.equal(m.update('fire', crowd.STABLE_MS), 'ecstatic'); // switch at t=3000
+    const t = crowd.STABLE_MS;
+    // Immediately drop to smoke: stable window passes but dwell hasn't.
+    m.update('smoke', t + 1);
+    assert.equal(m.update('smoke', t + 1 + crowd.STABLE_MS), null);
+    // After the dwell expires the pending candidate commits.
+    assert.equal(m.update('smoke', t + crowd.DWELL_MS), 'bored');
+});
+
+test('machine: multi-step jumps allowed (bored → ecstatic)', () => {
+    const m = crowd.createCrowdMachine();
+    m.update('smoke', 0);
+    assert.equal(m.update('smoke', crowd.STABLE_MS), 'bored');
+    const t = crowd.DWELL_MS + 1000;
+    m.update('fire', t);
+    assert.equal(m.update('fire', t + crowd.STABLE_MS), 'ecstatic');
+});
+
+test('stingerForStreak fires on rising milestone crossings only', () => {
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForStreak(24, 25), 'cheer');
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForStreak(0, 100), 'cheer');
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForStreak(25, 26), null);
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForStreak(50, 50), null);
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForStreak(30, 0), null); // streak reset
+});
+
+test('stingerForAccuracy thresholds', () => {
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForAccuracy(95), 'cheer');
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForAccuracy(90), 'cheer');
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForAccuracy(80), 'clap');
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForAccuracy(75), 'clap');
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForAccuracy(60), null);
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForAccuracy('nope'), null);
+    assert.equal(crowd.stingerForAccuracy(undefined), null);
+});
+
+test('normalizeManifest requires all four loops, resolves base', () => {
+    assert.equal(crowd.normalizeManifest(null), null);
+    assert.equal(crowd.normalizeManifest({}), null);
+    assert.equal(crowd.normalizeManifest({ loops: { bored: 'b.mp4' } }), null);
+    const m = crowd.normalizeManifest({
+        base: '/api/plugins/career/venues/bar/',
+        loops: { bored: 'bored.mp4', neutral: 'neutral.mp4', engaged: 'engaged.mp4', ecstatic: 'ecstatic.mp4' },
+        stingers: { cheer: 'cheer.mp4' },
+    });
+    assert.equal(m.loops.ecstatic, '/api/plugins/career/venues/bar/ecstatic.mp4');
+    assert.equal(m.stingers.cheer, '/api/plugins/career/venues/bar/cheer.mp4');
+    assert.equal(m.stingers.clap, '');
+});
+
+test('highway_3d exposes the crowd backdrop globals', () => {
+    const src = fs.readFileSync(H3D_JS, 'utf8');
+    assert.match(src, /window\.h3dVenueBackdropSetVideo\s*=/);
+    assert.match(src, /window\.h3dVenueBackdropSetMix\s*=/);
+    // The venue style must own crowd plane teardown (VideoTexture dispose).
+    assert.match(src, /_venueCrowdVideos/);
+    assert.match(src, /_venueCrowdMix/);
+});
+
+test('index.html loads venue-crowd.js deferred, after venue-scene-3d.js', () => {
+    const html = fs.readFileSync(INDEX_HTML, 'utf8');
+    const crowdIdx = html.indexOf('/static/v3/venue-crowd.js');
+    const sceneIdx = html.indexOf('/static/v3/venue-scene-3d.js');
+    assert.ok(crowdIdx > 0, 'venue-crowd.js script tag missing');
+    assert.ok(crowdIdx > sceneIdx, 'venue-crowd.js must load after venue-scene-3d.js');
+    assert.match(html, /<script defer src="\/static\/v3\/venue-crowd\.js"><\/script>/);
+});
+
+test('venue-scene-3d activates/deactivates the crowd layer', () => {
+    const src = fs.readFileSync(SCENE_JS, 'utf8');
+    assert.match(src, /syncCrowd\(true\)/);
+    assert.match(src, /syncCrowd\(false\)/);
+    assert.match(src, /v3VenueCrowd/);
+});