citra/src/video_core/renderer_vulkan/wrapper.cpp

// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
// Refer to the license.txt file included.

#include <algorithm>
#include <exception>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "common/common_types.h"

#include "video_core/renderer_vulkan/wrapper.h"

namespace Vulkan::vk {

namespace {

void SortPhysicalDevices(std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice>& devices, const InstanceDispatch& dld) {
    std::stable_sort(devices.begin(), devices.end(), [&](auto lhs, auto rhs) {
        // This will call Vulkan more than needed, but these calls are cheap.
        const auto lhs_properties = vk::PhysicalDevice(lhs, dld).GetProperties();
        const auto rhs_properties = vk::PhysicalDevice(rhs, dld).GetProperties();

        // Prefer discrete GPUs, Nvidia over AMD, AMD over Intel, Intel over the rest.
        const bool preferred =
            (lhs_properties.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU &&
             rhs_properties.deviceType != VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU) ||
            (lhs_properties.vendorID == 0x10DE && rhs_properties.vendorID != 0x10DE) ||
            (lhs_properties.vendorID == 0x1002 && rhs_properties.vendorID != 0x1002) ||
            (lhs_properties.vendorID == 0x8086 && rhs_properties.vendorID != 0x8086);
        return !preferred;
    });
}

template <typename T>
bool Proc(T& result, const InstanceDispatch& dld, const char* proc_name,
          VkInstance instance = nullptr) noexcept {
    result = reinterpret_cast<T>(dld.vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, proc_name));
    return result != nullptr;
}

template <typename T>
void Proc(T& result, const DeviceDispatch& dld, const char* proc_name, VkDevice device) noexcept {
    result = reinterpret_cast<T>(dld.vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, proc_name));
}

void Load(VkDevice device, DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
#define X(name) Proc(dld.name, dld, #name, device)
    X(vkAcquireNextImageKHR);
    X(vkAllocateCommandBuffers);
    X(vkAllocateDescriptorSets);
    X(vkAllocateMemory);
    X(vkBeginCommandBuffer);
    X(vkBindBufferMemory);
    X(vkBindImageMemory);
    X(vkCmdBeginQuery);
    X(vkCmdBeginRenderPass);
    X(vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT);
    X(vkCmdBindDescriptorSets);
    X(vkCmdBindIndexBuffer);
    X(vkCmdBindPipeline);
    X(vkCmdBindTransformFeedbackBuffersEXT);
    X(vkCmdBindVertexBuffers);
    X(vkCmdBlitImage);
    X(vkCmdClearAttachments);
    X(vkCmdCopyBuffer);
    X(vkCmdCopyBufferToImage);
    X(vkCmdCopyImage);
    X(vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer);
    X(vkCmdDispatch);
    X(vkCmdDraw);
    X(vkCmdDrawIndexed);
    X(vkCmdEndQuery);
    X(vkCmdEndRenderPass);
    X(vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT);
    X(vkCmdFillBuffer);
    X(vkCmdPipelineBarrier);
    X(vkCmdPushConstants);
    X(vkCmdSetBlendConstants);
    X(vkCmdSetDepthBias);
    X(vkCmdSetDepthBounds);
    X(vkCmdSetEvent);
    X(vkCmdSetScissor);
    X(vkCmdSetStencilCompareMask);
    X(vkCmdSetStencilReference);
    X(vkCmdSetStencilWriteMask);
    X(vkCmdSetViewport);
    X(vkCmdWaitEvents);
    X(vkCmdBindVertexBuffers2EXT);
    X(vkCmdSetCullModeEXT);
    X(vkCmdSetDepthBoundsTestEnableEXT);
    X(vkCmdSetDepthCompareOpEXT);
    X(vkCmdSetDepthTestEnableEXT);
    X(vkCmdSetDepthWriteEnableEXT);
    X(vkCmdSetFrontFaceEXT);
    X(vkCmdSetPrimitiveTopologyEXT);
    X(vkCmdSetStencilOpEXT);
    X(vkCmdSetStencilTestEnableEXT);
    X(vkCreateBuffer);
    X(vkCreateBufferView);
    X(vkCreateCommandPool);
    X(vkCreateComputePipelines);
    X(vkCreateDescriptorPool);
    X(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout);
    X(vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR);
    X(vkCreateEvent);
    X(vkCreateFence);
    X(vkCreateFramebuffer);
    X(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines);
    X(vkCreateImage);
    X(vkCreateImageView);
    X(vkCreatePipelineLayout);
    X(vkCreateQueryPool);
    X(vkCreateRenderPass);
    X(vkCreateSampler);
    X(vkCreateSemaphore);
    X(vkCreateShaderModule);
    X(vkCreateSwapchainKHR);
    X(vkDestroyBuffer);
    X(vkDestroyBufferView);
    X(vkDestroyCommandPool);
    X(vkDestroyDescriptorPool);
    X(vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout);
    X(vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR);
    X(vkDestroyEvent);
    X(vkDestroyFence);
    X(vkDestroyFramebuffer);
    X(vkDestroyImage);
    X(vkDestroyImageView);
    X(vkDestroyPipeline);
    X(vkDestroyPipelineLayout);
    X(vkDestroyQueryPool);
    X(vkDestroyRenderPass);
    X(vkDestroySampler);
    X(vkDestroySemaphore);
    X(vkDestroyShaderModule);
    X(vkDestroySwapchainKHR);
    X(vkDeviceWaitIdle);
    X(vkEndCommandBuffer);
    X(vkFreeCommandBuffers);
    X(vkFreeDescriptorSets);
    X(vkFreeMemory);
    X(vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements);
    X(vkGetDeviceQueue);
    X(vkGetEventStatus);
    X(vkGetFenceStatus);
    X(vkGetImageMemoryRequirements);
    X(vkGetQueryPoolResults);
    X(vkMapMemory);
    X(vkQueueSubmit);
    X(vkResetFences);
    X(vkResetQueryPoolEXT);
    X(vkUnmapMemory);
    X(vkUpdateDescriptorSetWithTemplateKHR);
    X(vkUpdateDescriptorSets);
    X(vkWaitForFences);
#undef X
}

} // Anonymous namespace

bool Load(InstanceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
#define X(name) Proc(dld.name, dld, #name)
    return X(vkCreateInstance) && X(vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties) &&
           X(vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties);
#undef X
}

bool Load(VkInstance instance, InstanceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
#define X(name) Proc(dld.name, dld, #name, instance)
    // These functions may fail to load depending on the enabled extensions.
    // Don't return a failure on these.
    X(vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT);
    X(vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT);
    X(vkDestroySurfaceKHR);
    X(vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR);
    X(vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR);
    X(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR);
    X(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR);
    X(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR);
    X(vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR);
    X(vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR);
    X(vkQueuePresentKHR);

    return X(vkCreateDevice) && X(vkDestroyDevice) && X(vkDestroyDevice) &&
           X(vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties) && X(vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices) &&
           X(vkGetDeviceProcAddr) && X(vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties) &&
           X(vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties) && X(vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties) &&
           X(vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties);
#undef X
}

const char* Exception::what() const noexcept {
    return ToString(result);
}

const char* ToString(VkResult result) noexcept {
    switch (result) {
    case VkResult::VK_SUCCESS:
        return "VK_SUCCESS";
    case VkResult::VK_NOT_READY:
        return "VK_NOT_READY";
    case VkResult::VK_TIMEOUT:
        return "VK_TIMEOUT";
    case VkResult::VK_EVENT_SET:
        return "VK_EVENT_SET";
    case VkResult::VK_EVENT_RESET:
        return "VK_EVENT_RESET";
    case VkResult::VK_INCOMPLETE:
        return "VK_INCOMPLETE";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY:
        return "VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_HOST_MEMORY";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY:
        return "VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED:
        return "VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST:
        return "VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED:
        return "VK_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_FAILED";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT:
        return "VK_ERROR_LAYER_NOT_PRESENT";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT:
        return "VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT:
        return "VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER:
        return "VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS:
        return "VK_ERROR_TOO_MANY_OBJECTS";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED:
        return "VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTED_POOL:
        return "VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTED_POOL";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY:
        return "VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE:
        return "VK_ERROR_INVALID_EXTERNAL_HANDLE";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR:
        return "VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_NATIVE_WINDOW_IN_USE_KHR:
        return "VK_ERROR_NATIVE_WINDOW_IN_USE_KHR";
    case VkResult::VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR:
        return "VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR:
        return "VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DISPLAY_KHR:
        return "VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DISPLAY_KHR";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT:
        return "VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_INVALID_SHADER_NV:
        return "VK_ERROR_INVALID_SHADER_NV";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_INVALID_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_PLANE_LAYOUT_EXT:
        return "VK_ERROR_INVALID_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_PLANE_LAYOUT_EXT";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTATION_EXT:
        return "VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTATION_EXT";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED_EXT:
        return "VK_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED_EXT";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_INVALID_DEVICE_ADDRESS_EXT:
        return "VK_ERROR_INVALID_DEVICE_ADDRESS_EXT";
    case VkResult::VK_ERROR_FULL_SCREEN_EXCLUSIVE_MODE_LOST_EXT:
        return "VK_ERROR_FULL_SCREEN_EXCLUSIVE_MODE_LOST_EXT";
    }
    return "Unknown";
}

void Destroy(VkInstance instance, const InstanceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, const InstanceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkBuffer handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyBuffer(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkBufferView handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyBufferView(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyCommandPool(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkDescriptorPool handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkDescriptorSetLayout handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR handle,
             const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkDeviceMemory handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkFreeMemory(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkEvent handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyEvent(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkFence handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyFence(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkFramebuffer handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkImage handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyImage(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkImageView handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyImageView(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkPipeline handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyPipeline(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkPipelineLayout handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkQueryPool handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyQueryPool(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyRenderPass(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkSampler handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroySampler(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkSwapchainKHR handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkSemaphore handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroySemaphore(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkDevice device, VkShaderModule handle, const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyShaderModule(device, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT handle,
             const InstanceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, handle, nullptr);
}

void Destroy(VkInstance instance, VkSurfaceKHR handle, const InstanceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, handle, nullptr);
}

VkResult Free(VkDevice device, VkDescriptorPool handle, Span<VkDescriptorSet> sets,
              const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    return dld.vkFreeDescriptorSets(device, handle, sets.size(), sets.data());
}

VkResult Free(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool handle, Span<VkCommandBuffer> buffers,
              const DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    dld.vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, handle, buffers.size(), buffers.data());
    return VK_SUCCESS;
}

Instance Instance::Create(Span<const char*> layers, Span<const char*> extensions,
                          InstanceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    static constexpr VkApplicationInfo application_info{
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
        .pApplicationName = "yuzu Emulator",
        .applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(0, 1, 0),
        .pEngineName = "yuzu Emulator",
        .engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(0, 1, 0),
        .apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_1,
    };

    const VkInstanceCreateInfo ci{
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
        .flags = 0,
        .pApplicationInfo = &application_info,
        .enabledLayerCount = layers.size(),
        .ppEnabledLayerNames = layers.data(),
        .enabledExtensionCount = extensions.size(),
        .ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data(),
    };

    VkInstance instance;
    if (dld.vkCreateInstance(&ci, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        // Failed to create the instance.
        return {};
    }
    if (!Proc(dld.vkDestroyInstance, dld, "vkDestroyInstance", instance)) {
        // We successfully created an instance but the destroy function couldn't be loaded.
        // This is a good moment to panic.
        return {};
    }

    return Instance(instance, dld);
}

std::optional<std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice>> Instance::EnumeratePhysicalDevices() {
    u32 num;
    if (dld->vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(handle, &num, nullptr) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        return std::nullopt;
    }
    std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> physical_devices(num);
    if (dld->vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(handle, &num, physical_devices.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        return std::nullopt;
    }
    SortPhysicalDevices(physical_devices, *dld);
    return std::make_optional(std::move(physical_devices));
}

DebugCallback Instance::TryCreateDebugCallback(
    PFN_vkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackEXT callback) noexcept {
    const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT ci{
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
        .pNext = nullptr,
        .flags = 0,
        .messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT |
                           VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT |
                           VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_INFO_BIT_EXT |
                           VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT,
        .messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT |
                       VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT |
                       VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT,
        .pfnUserCallback = callback,
        .pUserData = nullptr,
    };

    VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT messenger;
    if (dld->vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(handle, &ci, nullptr, &messenger) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        return {};
    }
    return DebugCallback(messenger, handle, *dld);
}

void Buffer::BindMemory(VkDeviceMemory memory, VkDeviceSize offset) const {
    Check(dld->vkBindBufferMemory(owner, handle, memory, offset));
}

void Image::BindMemory(VkDeviceMemory memory, VkDeviceSize offset) const {
    Check(dld->vkBindImageMemory(owner, handle, memory, offset));
}

DescriptorSets DescriptorPool::Allocate(const VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo& ai) const {
    const std::size_t num = ai.descriptorSetCount;
    std::unique_ptr sets = std::make_unique<VkDescriptorSet[]>(num);
    switch (const VkResult result = dld->vkAllocateDescriptorSets(owner, &ai, sets.get())) {
    case VK_SUCCESS:
        return DescriptorSets(std::move(sets), num, owner, handle, *dld);
    case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY:
        return {};
    default:
        throw Exception(result);
    }
}

CommandBuffers CommandPool::Allocate(std::size_t num_buffers, VkCommandBufferLevel level) const {
    const VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo ai{
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
        .commandPool = handle,
        .level = level,
        .commandBufferCount = static_cast<u32>(num_buffers),
    };

    std::unique_ptr buffers = std::make_unique<VkCommandBuffer[]>(num_buffers);
    switch (const VkResult result = dld->vkAllocateCommandBuffers(owner, &ai, buffers.get())) {
    case VK_SUCCESS:
        return CommandBuffers(std::move(buffers), num_buffers, owner, handle, *dld);
    case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY:
        return {};
    default:
        throw Exception(result);
    }
}

std::vector<VkImage> SwapchainKHR::GetImages() const {
    u32 num;
    Check(dld->vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(owner, handle, &num, nullptr));
    std::vector<VkImage> images(num);
    Check(dld->vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(owner, handle, &num, images.data()));
    return images;
}

Device Device::Create(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device, Span<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queues_ci,
                      Span<const char*> enabled_extensions, const void* next,
                      DeviceDispatch& dld) noexcept {
    const VkDeviceCreateInfo ci{
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext = next,
        .flags = 0,
        .queueCreateInfoCount = queues_ci.size(),
        .pQueueCreateInfos = queues_ci.data(),
        .enabledLayerCount = 0,
        .ppEnabledLayerNames = nullptr,
        .enabledExtensionCount = enabled_extensions.size(),
        .ppEnabledExtensionNames = enabled_extensions.data(),
        .pEnabledFeatures = nullptr,
    };

    VkDevice device;
    if (dld.vkCreateDevice(physical_device, &ci, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        return {};
    }
    Load(device, dld);
    return Device(device, dld);
}

Queue Device::GetQueue(u32 family_index) const noexcept {
    VkQueue queue;
    dld->vkGetDeviceQueue(handle, family_index, 0, &queue);
    return Queue(queue, *dld);
}

Buffer Device::CreateBuffer(const VkBufferCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkBuffer object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateBuffer(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return Buffer(object, handle, *dld);
}

BufferView Device::CreateBufferView(const VkBufferViewCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkBufferView object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateBufferView(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return BufferView(object, handle, *dld);
}

Image Device::CreateImage(const VkImageCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkImage object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateImage(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return Image(object, handle, *dld);
}

ImageView Device::CreateImageView(const VkImageViewCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkImageView object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateImageView(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return ImageView(object, handle, *dld);
}

Semaphore Device::CreateSemaphore() const {
    static constexpr VkSemaphoreCreateInfo ci{
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
        .flags = 0,
    };

    VkSemaphore object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateSemaphore(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return Semaphore(object, handle, *dld);
}

Fence Device::CreateFence(const VkFenceCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkFence object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateFence(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return Fence(object, handle, *dld);
}

DescriptorPool Device::CreateDescriptorPool(const VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkDescriptorPool object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateDescriptorPool(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return DescriptorPool(object, handle, *dld);
}

RenderPass Device::CreateRenderPass(const VkRenderPassCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkRenderPass object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateRenderPass(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return RenderPass(object, handle, *dld);
}

DescriptorSetLayout Device::CreateDescriptorSetLayout(
    const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkDescriptorSetLayout object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return DescriptorSetLayout(object, handle, *dld);
}

PipelineLayout Device::CreatePipelineLayout(const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkPipelineLayout object;
    Check(dld->vkCreatePipelineLayout(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return PipelineLayout(object, handle, *dld);
}

Pipeline Device::CreateGraphicsPipeline(const VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkPipeline object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(handle, nullptr, 1, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return Pipeline(object, handle, *dld);
}

Pipeline Device::CreateComputePipeline(const VkComputePipelineCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkPipeline object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateComputePipelines(handle, nullptr, 1, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return Pipeline(object, handle, *dld);
}

Sampler Device::CreateSampler(const VkSamplerCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkSampler object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateSampler(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return Sampler(object, handle, *dld);
}

Framebuffer Device::CreateFramebuffer(const VkFramebufferCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkFramebuffer object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateFramebuffer(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return Framebuffer(object, handle, *dld);
}

CommandPool Device::CreateCommandPool(const VkCommandPoolCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkCommandPool object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateCommandPool(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return CommandPool(object, handle, *dld);
}

DescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR Device::CreateDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR(
    const VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateCreateInfoKHR& ci) const {
    VkDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateDescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return DescriptorUpdateTemplateKHR(object, handle, *dld);
}

QueryPool Device::CreateQueryPool(const VkQueryPoolCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkQueryPool object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateQueryPool(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return QueryPool(object, handle, *dld);
}

ShaderModule Device::CreateShaderModule(const VkShaderModuleCreateInfo& ci) const {
    VkShaderModule object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateShaderModule(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return ShaderModule(object, handle, *dld);
}

Event Device::CreateEvent() const {
    static constexpr VkEventCreateInfo ci{
        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EVENT_CREATE_INFO,
        .pNext = nullptr,
        .flags = 0,
    };

    VkEvent object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateEvent(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return Event(object, handle, *dld);
}

SwapchainKHR Device::CreateSwapchainKHR(const VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR& ci) const {
    VkSwapchainKHR object;
    Check(dld->vkCreateSwapchainKHR(handle, &ci, nullptr, &object));
    return SwapchainKHR(object, handle, *dld);
}

DeviceMemory Device::TryAllocateMemory(const VkMemoryAllocateInfo& ai) const noexcept {
    VkDeviceMemory memory;
    if (dld->vkAllocateMemory(handle, &ai, nullptr, &memory) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        return {};
    }
    return DeviceMemory(memory, handle, *dld);
}

DeviceMemory Device::AllocateMemory(const VkMemoryAllocateInfo& ai) const {
    VkDeviceMemory memory;
    Check(dld->vkAllocateMemory(handle, &ai, nullptr, &memory));
    return DeviceMemory(memory, handle, *dld);
}

VkMemoryRequirements Device::GetBufferMemoryRequirements(VkBuffer buffer) const noexcept {
    VkMemoryRequirements requirements;
    dld->vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(handle, buffer, &requirements);
    return requirements;
}

VkMemoryRequirements Device::GetImageMemoryRequirements(VkImage image) const noexcept {
    VkMemoryRequirements requirements;
    dld->vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(handle, image, &requirements);
    return requirements;
}

void Device::UpdateDescriptorSets(Span<VkWriteDescriptorSet> writes,
                                  Span<VkCopyDescriptorSet> copies) const noexcept {
    dld->vkUpdateDescriptorSets(handle, writes.size(), writes.data(), copies.size(), copies.data());
}

VkPhysicalDeviceProperties PhysicalDevice::GetProperties() const noexcept {
    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
    dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physical_device, &properties);
    return properties;
}

void PhysicalDevice::GetProperties2KHR(VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR& properties) const noexcept {
    dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR(physical_device, &properties);
}

VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures PhysicalDevice::GetFeatures() const noexcept {
    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR features2;
    features2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2_KHR;
    features2.pNext = nullptr;
    dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR(physical_device, &features2);
    return features2.features;
}

void PhysicalDevice::GetFeatures2KHR(VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR& features) const noexcept {
    dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2KHR(physical_device, &features);
}

VkFormatProperties PhysicalDevice::GetFormatProperties(VkFormat format) const noexcept {
    VkFormatProperties properties;
    dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physical_device, format, &properties);
    return properties;
}

std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> PhysicalDevice::EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties() const {
    u32 num;
    dld->vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physical_device, nullptr, &num, nullptr);
    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> properties(num);
    dld->vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physical_device, nullptr, &num, properties.data());
    return properties;
}

std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> PhysicalDevice::GetQueueFamilyProperties() const {
    u32 num;
    dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device, &num, nullptr);
    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> properties(num);
    dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device, &num, properties.data());
    return properties;
}

bool PhysicalDevice::GetSurfaceSupportKHR(u32 queue_family_index, VkSurfaceKHR surface) const {
    VkBool32 supported;
    Check(dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physical_device, queue_family_index, surface,
                                                    &supported));
    return supported == VK_TRUE;
}

VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR PhysicalDevice::GetSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(VkSurfaceKHR surface) const {
    VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
    Check(dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physical_device, surface, &capabilities));
    return capabilities;
}

std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> PhysicalDevice::GetSurfaceFormatsKHR(VkSurfaceKHR surface) const {
    u32 num;
    Check(dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_device, surface, &num, nullptr));
    std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats(num);
    Check(
        dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_device, surface, &num, formats.data()));
    return formats;
}

std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> PhysicalDevice::GetSurfacePresentModesKHR(
    VkSurfaceKHR surface) const {
    u32 num;
    Check(dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physical_device, surface, &num, nullptr));
    std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> modes(num);
    Check(dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physical_device, surface, &num,
                                                         modes.data()));
    return modes;
}

VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties PhysicalDevice::GetMemoryProperties() const noexcept {
    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties properties;
    dld->vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physical_device, &properties);
    return properties;
}

std::optional<std::vector<VkExtensionProperties>> EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(
    const InstanceDispatch& dld) {
    u32 num;
    if (dld.vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &num, nullptr) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        return std::nullopt;
    }
    std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> properties(num);
    if (dld.vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &num, properties.data()) !=
        VK_SUCCESS) {
        return std::nullopt;
    }
    return properties;
}

std::optional<std::vector<VkLayerProperties>> EnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(
    const InstanceDispatch& dld) {
    u32 num;
    if (dld.vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&num, nullptr) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        return std::nullopt;
    }
    std::vector<VkLayerProperties> properties(num);
    if (dld.vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&num, properties.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        return std::nullopt;
    }
    return properties;
}

} // namespace Vulkan::vk