#ifndef EMULATOR_SRC_GRAPHICS_HOST_GPU_REGIONMANAGER_H_
#define EMULATOR_SRC_GRAPHICS_HOST_GPU_REGIONMANAGER_H_

#include "common/assert.h"
#include "graphics/host_gpu/pageManager.h"
#include "graphics/host_gpu/regionDefinitions.h"

#include <atomic>
#include <mutex>
#include <utility>

#if KYTY_PLATFORM == KYTY_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
#ifndef NOMINMAX
#define NOMINMAX
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#undef min
#undef max
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#include <pthread.h>
#elif defined(__linux__)
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

namespace Libs::Graphics {

class TrackingSpinLock final {
public:
	void lock() noexcept {
		const auto thread = CurrentThread();
		if (m_owner.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == thread) {
			EXIT("recursive region tracking lock\n");
		}
		while (m_lock.test_and_set(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
			if (m_owner.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == thread) {
				EXIT("recursive region tracking lock while contended\n");
			}
			std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst);
		}
		m_owner.store(thread, std::memory_order_relaxed);
	}
	void unlock() noexcept {
		if (m_owner.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) != CurrentThread()) {
			EXIT("region tracking lock released by non-owner\n");
		}
		m_owner.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
		m_lock.clear(std::memory_order_release);
	}

private:
	static uint32_t CurrentThread() noexcept {
#if KYTY_PLATFORM == KYTY_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
		return GetCurrentThreadId();
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
		// mach thread port is a nonzero per-thread id (0 is the "no owner" sentinel).
		return static_cast<uint32_t>(pthread_mach_thread_np(pthread_self()));
#elif defined(__linux__)
		static thread_local const uint32_t tid = static_cast<uint32_t>(::syscall(SYS_gettid));
		return tid;
#else
		EXIT("region tracking thread identity is unsupported on this platform\n");
#endif
	}

	std::atomic_flag     m_lock = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
	std::atomic_uint32_t m_owner {0};
};

static_assert(std::atomic_uint32_t::is_always_lock_free);

class RegionManager final {
public:
	RegionManager(PageManager& page_manager, uint64_t cpu_addr)
	    : m_page_manager(page_manager), m_cpu_addr(cpu_addr) {
		if (m_cpu_addr % TRACKER_REGION_SIZE != 0) {
			EXIT("invalid region tracking manager construction\n");
		}
		m_cpu_dirty.Fill();
		m_writable.Fill();
		m_readable.Fill();
	}

	KYTY_CLASS_NO_COPY(RegionManager);

	[[nodiscard]] uint64_t GetCpuAddr() const { return m_cpu_addr; }
	template <DirtySource source>
	[[nodiscard]] bool IsModified(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size) const {
		const auto [start, end] = GetPageRange(m_cpu_addr + offset, size);
		const auto& bits        = GetBits<source>();
		return RegionBits(bits, start, end).Any();
	}

	template <DirtySource source, bool enable>
	void ChangeState(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t size) {
		const auto [start, end] = GetPageRange(vaddr, size);
		if constexpr (source == DirtySource::Cpu && enable) {
			if (RegionBits(m_gpu_dirty, start, end).Any()) {
				EXIT("CPU dirty state conflicts with GPU dirty state\n");
			}
		}
		if constexpr (source == DirtySource::Gpu && enable) {
			if (RegionBits(m_cpu_dirty, start, end).Any()) {
				EXIT("GPU dirty state conflicts with CPU dirty state\n");
			}
		}
		auto& bits = GetBits<source>();
		if constexpr (enable) {
			bits.SetRange(start, end);
		} else {
			bits.UnsetRange(start, end);
		}
		if constexpr (source == DirtySource::Cpu) {
			UpdateCpuProtection<!enable>();
		} else {
			UpdateGpuProtection<enable>();
		}
	}

	template <DirtySource source, bool clear, typename Func>
	void ForEachModifiedRange(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t size, Func&& func) {
		const auto [start, end] = GetPageRange(vaddr, size);
		RegionBits mask(GetBits<source>(), start, end);
		if constexpr (clear) {
			GetBits<source>().UnsetRange(start, end);
		}
		if constexpr (source == DirtySource::Cpu && clear) {
			UpdateCpuProtection<true>();
			ForEachRange(mask, std::forward<Func>(func));
			return;
		}
		if constexpr (source == DirtySource::Gpu && clear) {
			UpdateGpuProtection<false>();
		}
		ForEachRange(mask, std::forward<Func>(func));
	}

	TrackingSpinLock lock;

private:
	template <bool track>
	void UpdateCpuProtection() {
		auto mask  = m_cpu_dirty ^ m_writable;
		m_writable = m_cpu_dirty;
		if (mask.None()) {
			return;
		}
		m_page_manager.UpdatePageWatchersForRegion<track>(m_cpu_addr, mask);
	}

	template <bool track>
	void UpdateGpuProtection() {
		auto readable = ~m_gpu_dirty;
		auto mask     = readable ^ m_readable;
		m_readable    = readable;
		if (mask.None()) {
			return;
		}
		if constexpr (track) {
			m_page_manager.UpdatePageWatchersForRegion<true, true>(m_cpu_addr, mask);
		} else {
			m_page_manager.UpdatePageWatchersForRegion<false, true>(m_cpu_addr, mask);
		}
	}

	template <DirtySource source>
	RegionBits& GetBits() {
		if constexpr (source == DirtySource::Cpu) {
			return m_cpu_dirty;
		} else {
			return m_gpu_dirty;
		}
	}

	template <DirtySource source>
	const RegionBits& GetBits() const {
		if constexpr (source == DirtySource::Cpu) {
			return m_cpu_dirty;
		} else {
			return m_gpu_dirty;
		}
	}

	[[nodiscard]] std::pair<size_t, size_t> GetPageRange(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t size) const {
		if (size == 0 || vaddr < m_cpu_addr || vaddr >= m_cpu_addr + TRACKER_REGION_SIZE ||
		    size > m_cpu_addr + TRACKER_REGION_SIZE - vaddr) {
			EXIT("range lies outside its tracking region\n");
		}
		const auto offset = vaddr - m_cpu_addr;
		return {static_cast<size_t>(offset / TRACKER_PAGE_SIZE),
		        static_cast<size_t>((offset + size + TRACKER_PAGE_SIZE - 1) / TRACKER_PAGE_SIZE)};
	}

	template <typename Func>
	void ForEachRange(const RegionBits& bits, Func&& func) const {
		for (const auto [start, end]: bits) {
			func(m_cpu_addr + start * TRACKER_PAGE_SIZE, (end - start) * TRACKER_PAGE_SIZE);
		}
	}

	PageManager& m_page_manager;
	uint64_t     m_cpu_addr = 0;
	RegionBits   m_cpu_dirty;
	RegionBits   m_gpu_dirty;
	RegionBits   m_writable;
	RegionBits   m_readable;
};

} // namespace Libs::Graphics

#endif // EMULATOR_SRC_GRAPHICS_HOST_GPU_REGIONMANAGER_H_